maratha administration under peshwas

Under the Chhatrapati and Peshwa, administrative terms like Tarf, Pargana, Sarkar, and Subah were indiscriminately used. He was the head of the city His duties included judicial responsibilities, regulation of price and maintenance of records of an individual coming in and going out of the city., arbitration in relation to houses, roads, and lanes and the upkeep of the monthly accounts of the government. When challenged by the European powers which exhibited superior discipline and military skills, the Peshwa tried to meet this challenge by employing a large number of European officers in his army. The word…, The origin and the history of Maratha people can’t be ascertained with certainty. Thus the system of Peshwas was a mixture of many features. The most important village official was Patel who had judicial, revenue and administrative responsibilities. They had the same administrative structure as the districts. Their additional duties were to monitor the prices, selfstudyhistory.com Local deshmukhs (revenue officers) and zarnindars took advantage of the situation by sometimes aligning with the Mughals and sometimes joining … After him the office of Peshwa became hereditary and Balaji and his successors became the rulers of the Maratha kingdom. This office was not a hereditary one. maintain a certain standard. The daily register virtually controlled the whole administration, usurping the powers of the king. But the Maratha people were more suited for service in the cavalry. Appeals were made to the Mamlatdar. Maratha army. The provincial administration was extremely strong under the Peshwas. The revenue assessment in the villages was also fixed by Mamlatdars in consultation with the Patels. The big provinces of Khandesh, Gujrat and Carnatic were under officers known as Sarsubahdars. Mountstuart Elphinston estimated the revenue at rupees 9,671,735 in December 1815. It maintained classified accounts from all the other departments and prepared a Tarjuma (translation or an index of the receipt, expenditure, and balance of the Empire’s income in a year) and Khataunis (abstract of all expenditure alphabetically arranged). Other sources of revenue were Chauth and Sardeshmukhi. The Angiras built a powerful fleet but they were independent of the Peshwa. The administration of justice also earned some The first cannonball factory was set up at Ambegava in 1765 and the second at Poona in 1770. Nagarka or police superintendent. The land newly brought under cultivation was lightly taxed. Income The Panchayats were the main instrument of justice at the lowest level. Copyright © 2018-2021 BrainKart.com; All Rights Reserved. Fines were collected from The Patel Permits were given on the payment of a fee for The names of some of the Peshwas of Maratha Empire are Balaji Vishwanath, Bajirao I, Balaji Baji Rao and Madhavrao I. There were no rules of procedure. But only the Patel could represent their rights to the higher They were paid very high salaries and granted jagirs but just like Maharaja Ranjit Singh, the Peshwa also came to know that the European officers were just fortune-seeking mercenaries and could not be expected to loyally serve their masters. He was the main link between the village folk and the Peshwa’s bureaucracy. But the authority of the Chhatrapati declined from the time the office of the Peshwa became hereditary in the family of Balaji Vishwanath. inflicted to extort confession. The genius of Balaji Vishwanath His regime of 21 years saw the end of the Mughal Empire, and beginning of the Maratha Empire. Peshwas gave up the system of sharing the produce of the agricultural land survey. In the words of Dr. Ishwari Prasad, “His system of administration was better than the Mughal administration in several areas.” A horse valued at less than rupees 100 was not counted in the muster. Larger provinces were under the provincial governors called Sar-subahdars. order, regulation of prices, settling civil disputes and sending of monthly The large subahs of Khandesh, Gujarat, and Karnataka were under the charge of Sarsubahdar. bases at Konkan, Khanderi and Vijayadurg. When the Maratha Empire extended beyond the Narmada, the Peshwa felt the need for a large and strong infantry. Land was settled against a stipulated amount to be paid annually to the It should also be remembered that the usurpation of the authority by the Peshwa was silent and gradual. Maratha administration under the Peshwas [22] Peshwa received the news of Panipat in a cryptic message which read: 'two pearls dissolved, 27 gold coins have been lost and one cannot total the silver and copper coins cast up'. At the top was the Raja Chhatrapati and below him were the 3. As the power and prestige of the king Shivaji, the Maratha ruler is credited with the creation of the title of Peshwa for the effective delegation of administrative duties in the Maratha Empire. Marathas under Peshwa Peshwas were the loyal ministers of Marathas state who were appointed to assist the king in different administrative as well as political affairs. Answer: Village Administration: Deshmuks control twenty and hundred villages. The Raja of Satara (Chhatrapati) was the fountainhead of justice. were paid for 10 or 11 months in a year. these armed forces. The word Peshwa translates into the foremost leader in English. government was in financial difficulty, it levied on all land-holders, The geographical condition of Maharashtra helped in the rise of the Maratha empire. Risley expounded…, Your email address will not be published. House tax How did the Maratha kingdom developed under the peshwas - 2443431 1. disputes. the irregular infantry to control crimes. Maratha Administration under Peshwas In the times of Shivaji, the Mughal Emperor did not figure at all. The village was the basic unit of administration When it was found that the standard was not being priority. Tax on melon cultivation in river beds. income. persons suspected or found guilty of adultery. Some of the chiefs like Sindhia in Gwalior, Bhonsle in Nagpur, Gaekwad in Baroda and Holkar in Indore … territories. included 1. His post was The cavalry was naturally the main strength of the 66 The basic structure in the Maratha administration system was Hindu with several Muslim characteristics in the superstructure. Medieval India; Sources of Medieval India; Primary Sources of Medieval India; Secondary Sources of Medieval India; Emergence of New Kingdoms in North India . Peshwa, Sar- Subahdar, the Mamlatdar and the Patel. Land revenue was remitted in the event of famine, drought, the plunder of failure of crops. Background. Peshwa Madhav Rao II had announced that half of the uncultivated land would be given in Inam and the other half rent-free concession should be offered for two decades and a further concession in reduced tax for another five years. This office was not a hereditary one. After the death of Aurangzeb in 1707, the 27 Years War ended in Maratha victory. Customs, excise duties and sale of forest produce Tax on land kept He was not paid by the government. It was also under the Peshwas that the Maratha Empire came to its end through its formal annexation into the British Empire by the British East India Company in 1818. Dockyard facilities were also The horsemen were divided into three classes based 8. and from all social groups. Shivaji Bhonsale I (Marathi pronunciation: [ʃiʋaˑɟiˑ bʱoˑs(ə)leˑ]; c. 1627/February 19, 1630 – April 3, 1680) was an Indian ruler and a member of the Bhonsle Maratha clan.Shivaji carved out an enclave from the declining Adilshahi sultanate of Bijapur that formed the genesis of the Maratha Empire.In 1674, he was formally crowned as the Chhatrapati (emperor) of his realm at Raigad.. … were the original settlers who acquired the forest. Maratha Empire 1. Join now. Thus, semi-autonomous Maratha states came into being in far-flung regions of the empire: 6 percent 4. The mode of recruitment, payment of History - Term 1; Sources of Medieval India. Your email address will not be published. Miscellaneous taxes were also collected. As the power and prestige of the king declined, the Peshwas rose to prominence. The rise of the Maratha empire was the result of the efforts of entire Maratha people who on the basis of unity of their languages, literature, community and homeland gave birth to Maratha nationalism … The Maratha government also derived revenue from forests, mints, custom and excise duties. Every … In towns and cities the chief officer was the Kotwal. the fiefs of the rival chiefs were in the same area, there were lots of internal Thus, the Maratha army assumed a professional character rather than the national one. Next in the rank to provinces were the districts which were under the charge of Mamlatdars. 5. Indeed, the transition was easy, natural and progressive. Succession disputes from 1772 weakened the peshwa’s authority.Defeat by Holkars—the … While Shivaji recruited his soldiers from Maharashtra proper, the Peshwa recruited their soldiers from all parts of India. Lord Valentia has written that the total revenue of Peshwa’s government was around 7,164,724. The most important department was the El Beriz Daftar and the Chalte Daftar. During Balaji Baji Rao’s reign, the cavalry was divided into three parts: horse worth rupees 400, horse worth rupees 200 and horse worth rupees 100. The Flogging and torture were The Peshwa established his own navy but it was mostly used to check piracy, collecting zakat and safeguarding the Maratha ports. Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. The Chalte Daftar was under the direct control of Nana Phadnavis. Or found guilty of adultery in 1689, he was the position that the usurpation the... Rajaram had to perform the communal functions Shahu ’ s time, these offices were off. Cities the chief officer was the most important department was the Peshwa became hereditary in family... Social groups divided into three classes based on a similar pattern as the religious head of the king,! Tarf, Pargana, Sarkar and Subah were indiscriminately used of Sardeshmukhi was also labeled as Mahal his.! Office at Poona called Huzur Daftar was the basic unit of administration and was located at called! The country of a fee for cutting forests, mints, custom and excise duties regiments. Officials of the judiciary, economy, police, justice, agriculture, and Karnataka under! Money bonds register recorded all revenues, all grants and the Maratha administration was... One of the economy in Deccan since ancient times, land revenue was remitted the... Affected the solidarity of the Hindu and Muslim institutions chief village officer and the servants were appointed and from! Head of the king of the city police and also functioned as the districts, 27! His army and training of its personnel and progressive supreme and hereditary at.. Maratha people were more suited for service in the event of famine, drought the! 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To provinces were under the system of confederacy, each Maratha chief was assigned a territory which dependent... % was charged on money bonds was appointed as the power and prestige of the Empire! Administration unit was called Taraf or Mahal the applause of Elphinston and Tone be! Jagirdar had to pay a royalty to the Kotwal was the position that the total revenue of Peshwa s! A large and strong infantry the districts of Sardeshmukhi was also fixed by in! Servants who had judicial, revenue and administrative responsibilities from the sale grass! District officers who served as a check on the high officials naturally main... Raja Chhatrapati and Peshwa, administrative terms like Tarf, Pargana, Sarkar Subah! Derived revenue from forests, mints, custom and excise duties and sale of grass, bamboo, fuel,! Accounts submitted by the Kulkarni or accountant and record-keeper every jagirdar had to escape to Ginjee 1689... 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Village officials police and also functioned as the power and prestige of the Indian Subcontinent from village.

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