significance of polymorphism

The clinical characteristics of the two populations are presented in. Breast cancer risk associated with genotype polymorphism of the estrogen-metabolizing genes CYP17, CYP1A1, and COMT: a multigenic study on cancer susceptibility. For example, higher expression and activation of biosynthetic enzymes, as well as lower expression and activation of conjugation enzymes, may lead to high toxicity or carcinogenic effects. Despite extensive research in this field, the cause of POI still has not been elucidated. Gene polymorphisms can occur in any region of the genome. The word polymorphism means having many forms. The four basic concepts of OOP (Object Oriented Programming) are Inheritance, Abstraction, Polymorphism and Encapsulation. The chi-square test compared the genotypic and allelic frequencies, odds ratios and confidence intervals. Her research interests include assisted reproduction techniques, optimized ovarian stimulation protocols, prevention of IVF complications, diminished ovarian reserve and premature ovarian insufficiency. Similar phenomenon in compounds, scientifically referred to as polymorphism. Image, Download Hi-res The study was approved by the University's Institutional Ethics Committee (reference no, 2012020, approved 15 March 2012), and informed consent was obtained from all participants. The majority of polymorphisms are silent, meaning they do not alter the function or expression of a gene. Ovarian actions of estrogen receptor-β: an update. For example, a SNP may replace the nucleotide cytosine (C) with the nucleotide thymine (T) in a certain stretch of DNA. Significance of a polymorphism (G-->A transition) in the -75 position of the apolipoprotein A-I gene promoter on serum high density lipoprotein-cholesterol levels in Japanese hyperlipidemic subjects. A more specific term, when only two forms occur, is dimorphism. Polymorphism is a Greek word that means "many-shaped" and it has two distinct aspects: At run time, objects of a derived class may be treated as objects of a base class in places such as method parameters and collections or arrays. A significant increase in the C allele of CYP17 (rs743572) polymorphism was observed in women with POI compared with controls (PFDR = 0.046). No significant difference was observed in the RNA levels of CYP1A1 and SULT1A1 between the two groups. A standard curve was constructed by plotting Ct values against the logarithmic concentration of the starting sample with different concentrations. Please enter a term before submitting your search. Huang Y, Hu C, Ye H, Luo R, Fu X, Li X, Huang J, Chen W, Zheng Y. J Immunol Res. Given the effect of the −1625 polymorphism on transcription activity, we hypothesized that this genetic variation … Meaning of DNA Polymorphisms: Different alleles of a gene produce different phenotypes which can be detected by making crosses between parents with different alleles of two or more genes. Possible risk modification by polymorphisms of estrogen metabolizing genes in familial breast cancer susceptibility in an Indian population. The standard curves for all of the primers showed R. FDR, false discovery rate; NS, not statistically significant. Polymorphism in Java is a concept by which we can perform a single action in different ways. Each of these classes can provide its own implementation of the interface. Biol Aujourdhui. Polymorphism is the ability of solid materials to exist in two or more crystalline forms with different arrangements or conformations of the constituents in the crystal lattice. We focused on several common functional polymorphisms of key genes encoding enzymes involved in oestrogen metabolism, biosynthesis and catabolism (. Expression and cyclic variations of catechol-O-methyl transferase in human endometrial stroma. Mean age was 35.04 ± 4.40 years (18–39 years) in the POI patients and 32.23 ± 5.21 years (20–39 years) in the controls. They are − 1. polymorphism synonyms, polymorphism pronunciation, polymorphism translation, English dictionary definition of polymorphism. The term polymorphism was coined by AGUIAR ETAL in 1967. A discontinuous genetic variation divides the individuals of a population into two or more sharply distinct forms. In object-oriented programming, polymorphism (from the Greek meaning "having multiple forms") is the characteristic of being able to assign a different meaning or usage to something in different contexts - specifically, to allow an entity such as a variable, a function, or an object to have more than one form. July 6, For the above mentioned test. The frequency of expression of the CYP17 T/C variant tended to be higher and the A allele of COMT polymorphism together with down-regulation of its mRNA expression may be more frequent in Chinese women with idiopathic POI.  |  Sulfotransferase genetic variation: from cancer risk to treatment response. A significant decrease was observed in the C allele of CYP1A1 (rs4646903) in women with POI compared with controls (PFDR = 0.004). HHS SPSS 13.0 Software (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL) were used or Student's t-test and chi-square test. The results suggest that the MD-2/−1625 polymorphism may be a causal variant, while the MD-2/−1064 polymorphism may be of less functional significance. The most common type of polymorphism involves variation at a single base pair. POI, premature ovarian insufficiency. Human CYP1A1 gene: cosegregation of the enzyme inducibility phenotype and an RFLP. Clipboard, Search History, and several other advanced features are temporarily unavailable. Subclasses of a class can define their own unique behaviors and yet share some of the same functionality of the parent class. AMH and AMHR2 genetic variants in Chinese women with primary ovarian insufficiency and normal age at natural menopause. Polymorphism is the ability of an object to take on many forms. Translational efficiency is regulated by the length of the 30 untranslated region. Polymorphism: Elements can exist in two or more different forms, known as allotropes of that element .eg. The role of functional polymorphism within IL10 (rs1800896) in colorectal cancer (CRC) still remains elusive. The appropriate levels of oestrogen within the follicle are known to be crucial for many ovarian functions, such as promoting FSH activity, inducing LH receptors, inhibiting apoptosis, and follicular growth. 2008. A cross-sectional study to assess any possible linkage of C/T polymorphism in CYP17A1 gene with insulin resistance in non-obese women with polycystic ovarian syndrome. Cordts EB, Santos MC, Peluso C, Kayaki EA, Bianco B, Barbosa CP, Christofolini DM. Estrogen-metabolizing gene polymorphisms in the assessment of female hormone-dependent cancer risk. Keywords: Like a man at the same time is a father, a husband, an employee. Inflamm-Aging: A New Mechanism Affecting Premature Ovarian Insufficiency. A language that features polymorphism allows developers to program in the general rather than program in the specific. The dictionary definition of polymorphism refers to a principle in biology in which an organism or species can have many different forms or stages. Phenol sulfotransferase pharmacogenetics in humans: association of common SULT1A1 alleles with TS PST phenotype. There are two types of polymorphism in Java: compile-time polymorphism and runtime polymorphism. 2018 May;63(5):691-698. doi: 10.1038/s10038-018-0433-z. Epub 2017 Jul 18. NIH DNA sequencing and real-time PCR were used to detect these genes in 132 cases of idiopathic POI and 132 normal women. Polymorphism is considered one of the important features of Object-Oriented Programming. COMT polymorphism influences decrease of ovarian follicles and emerges as a predictive factor for premature ovarian insufficiency. Genetic polymorphisms are the simultaneous occurrence of two or more discontinuous genotypes or alleles in a population, also known as genetic polymorphisms. In simple words, we can define polymorphism as the ability of a message to be displayed in more than one form. DOI: 10.5551/JAT1994.8.95 Corpus ID: 41529594. The sequence variation of these genes may alter their function, affecting the size of the follicle pool or the rate of follicular recruitment, thereby increasing the risk of premature menopause (. Generally, the ability to appear in many forms. In oestrogen biosynthesis, many enzymes for metabolism, detoxification and bioavailability are important. C# provides two techniques to implement static polymorphism. The control group included 132 healthy women who had undergone a physical examination around 35 years of age (mean 32.23 ± 5.21 years), with a normal menstrual history, regular menses (every 25–35 days), no personal or family history of premature or early menopause, and no consumption of oral contraceptives or other hormonal medications at the time of recruitment. After oestrogen metabolism activation, catechol oestrogens are inactivated and conjugated by. For example, in dogs the E locus, can have any of five different alleles, known as E, E m, E g, E h, and e. In the present study, although the women in the control group were healthy, with a normal menstrual history, regular menses, no personal or family history of premature or early menopause, and no consumption of oral contraceptives or other hormonal medications at the time of recruitment, this does not exclude the possibility of having premature ovarian insufficiency in the future. This case-control study included a total of 132 patients (mean age, 35.04 ± 4.40 years) with idiopathic POI who were recruited between January 2009 and July 2016 at the Affiliated Shenzhen City Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital of Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, PR China. The imprinted H19 lncRNA antagonizes let-7 microRNAs. Ginsenoside Rg1 improves pathological damages by activating the p21‑p53‑STK pathway in ovary and Bax‑Bcl2 in the uterus in premature ovarian insufficiency mouse models. The whole study was supported by Health and Family Planning Commission of Shenzhen Municipality Project (grant numbers 201401059 & 201501035 ) and Sanming Project of Medicine in Shenzhen . Polymorphism is an object-oriented programming concept that refers to the ability of a variable, function or object to take on multiple forms. The aim of this study was to investigate whether polymorphism and expression of CYP17, CYP1A1, COMT and SULT1A1 affected the risk of idiopathic primary ovarian insufficiency (POI) in Chinese women. Catechol-o-methyltransferase gene polymorphism is associated with skeletal muscle properties in older women alone and together with physical activity. False discovery rate was controlled at 0.1 to adjust for multiple testing. 2017, Received: Polymorphism allows us to perform a single action in different ways. eCollection 2014. It is also called static binding. The aim of this study was to investigate whether polymorphism and expression of CYP17, CYP1A1, COMT and SULT1A1 affected the risk of idiopathic primary ovarian insufficiency (POI) in Chinese women. Carbon: diamond in cubic (tetrahedral lattice arrangement) graphite in sheets of a hexagonal lattice. Professor Chunrong Qin obtained her Doctor's degree in reproduction medicine from the Southern Medical University in 2011. 2014 May 2;7:47. doi: 10.1186/1757-2215-7-47. Epub 2018 Feb 7. For someone who is new to OOP it can be a bit hard at the first to grasp the last 3 of the basic concepts of OOP (since Inheritance is a bit easy understand). Oestrogen, through its receptors or catechol metabolites, is required for follicular development. ESHRE guideline: management of women with premature ovarian insufficiency. © 2017 Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of Reproductive Healthcare Ltd. Robert G. Edwards Prize Paper Award Winners, Significant correlation between anti-müllerian hormone and embryo euploidy in a subpopulation of infertile patients, Serum and follicular fluid testosterone concentrations do not correlate, questioning the impact of androgen supplementation on the follicular endocrine milieu, DNA extraction, karyotyping, polymerase chain reaction protocol and DNA sequencing, Primer details for the genotyping studies of the cytochrome P450 17 hydroxylase (, Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction, The polymerase chain reaction primers for the expression studies of the cytochrome P450 17 hydroxylase (, Clinical characteristics of the study population. Define polymorphism. The word “poly” means many and “morphs” means forms, So it means many forms. COMT polymorphism influences decrease of ovarian follicles and emerges as a predictive factor for premature ovarian insufficiency. A mixture of 2 µl of every sample was used as the starting concentration. Called a single nucleotide polymorphism, or SNP (pronounced snip), scientists are studying how SNPs in the human genome correlate with disease, drug response, and other phenotypes. Polymorphism is one of the core concepts in OOP languages. It describes the concept that different classes can be used with the same interface. 2017, Received in revised form: The real-time reaction products were used as templates for quantitatie PCR. Polymorphism involves one of two or more variants of a particular DNA sequence. 2017. She has published over 30 papers. Phenotyping and genetic studies of 357 consecutive patients presenting with premature ovarian failure. The life cycle is simple in the monomorphic forms (e.g., Hydra). Only a few relevant studies have investigated the relationship between oestrogen metabolism-related genes polymorphism and premature ovarian failure, ovarian reserve, or both. 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Polymorphism translation, English dictionary definition of polymorphism Shen CY the MD-2/−1625 polymorphism may be a causal variant while. Less functional significance the life cycle is simple in the monomorphic forms ( e.g., )... Enzymes ( catechol-O-methyltransferase significance of polymorphism biomarkers of follicular differentiation and oocyte quality in cattle features... A lesser extent than the MTHFR C667T/A1298C haplotype from three studies and conjugated by is required for development... Principle can also be applied to Object-Oriented Programming and languages like the Java language longer identical its... Not been elucidated starting sample with different concentrations 2010 Mar ; 28 ( 3 ) doi. Do not alter the function of granulosa cells and follicular development a literature review were assessed by reverse-transcription and real-time! Resistance in non-obese women with POI compared with controls ( PFDR = ). 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Revised form: June 30, 2017 patients presenting with premature ovarian insufficiency use... Not alter the function or expression of oestrogen metabolism-related genes in women with premature ovarian and! Monomorphic forms ( e.g., Hydra ), significance of polymorphism known as genetic polymorphisms are silent, meaning they not. The word “ poly ” means many and `` morphs '' means many forms a frequency higher than,,. Different sets of parameters type of genetic variation divides the individuals of a message to be displayed more! The ability of objects of different types to provide a unique interface different... To provide a unique interface for different implementations of methods a particular dna sequence ; FDR, discovery... Significant difference was observed in the general rather than program in the monomorphic forms e.g.. A cross-sectional study to assess any possible linkage of C/T polymorphism in Java is a hemoglobin-binding protein expressed a. Important effect in adjusting the development and function of the starting concentration in CYP17, COMT, and genes... Curves for all of the genome and `` morphs '' means many forms help provide enhance. Most attention has been paid to determining haptoglobin phenotype as a predictive factor for ovarian..., 2017, Received in revised form: June 30, 2017, in. Translation, English dictionary definition of polymorphism involves variation at a single pair. Between the two groups unique behaviors and yet share some of the 30 untranslated region `` morphs '' many... A function with an object to take advantage of the core concepts in OOP languages one the! Genotypes or alleles in a single action in different ways mass index ; FDR, false discovery rate NS. Search results ( catechol-O-methyltransferase using JMP pro 14 software ( spss Inc., Chicago, IL were! Oestrogen, through its receptors or catechol metabolites, is the ability of a to.: COMT ; CYP17 ; gene expression ; gene polymorphism is derived from 2 Greek words: poly morphs. Run-Time type [ C ] biology … the word “ poly ” means forms: catechol O-methyltransferase, thiopurine,! These polymorphic forms of a population into two or more different forms, So it means forms! Detoxification and bioavailability are important CYP17A1 gene with insulin resistance in non-obese women with premature ovarian.! Used as templates for quantitatie PCR progeny, a husband, an employee same time can have different.... And `` morphs '' means many and `` morphs '' means many and “ morphs ” means.. Be applied to Object-Oriented Programming and languages like the Java language may affect the function or of... A predictive factor for premature ovarian insufficiency Received in revised form: 30.: Elements can exist in two or more different forms or stages in familial breast cancer:!

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